Supermarkets and Grocery Industry †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Supermarkets and Grocery Industry. Answer: Presentation Wesfarmers is Australian agglomerate. It was built up in the year 1914 named as Western Australian ranchers'. It has its essence in Australian and News land retail portion. Companys base camp are arranged at Perth, Western Australia. The organization has different organizations, which incorporates markets, accommodation stores, alcohol, inns, home improvement, office supplies and retail establishments. The organization additionally has a mechanical division which includes segments, for example, synthetics, vitality composts, coal, modern and wellbeing items. In the year 2016 Wesfarmers was Australias biggest organization as far as income. Today the organization is the highest manager in Australian private division. It has around 530,000 investors. It very well may be seen that, the organization has various item portfolio. For this report we will contemplate Coles Supermarkets. Coles Australia is a division of Wesfarmers. Coles Supermarkets were established in the year 1914. Coles Sup ermarkets were a brand of Coles Myer bunch till the year 2006. In 2007 Wesfarmers assumed control over the firm. Under the responsibility for the organization experienced different changes and made progress. Today organization covers a major offer in the Australian markets. One of the nearby contenders of the firm is Woolworth. Today Coles Supermarket is the believed brand name in the Australian family units. The organization bargains in Australias general store and staple industry. This industry can be depicted as exceptionally serious and gathered in nature. To remain in the opposition significant market player have chopped down the costs this has diminished the wide overall revenues for the firm. In the ongoing time industry is laying a lot of weight on Coles and Woolworths (Mudditt, 2017). Development and Profitability: In the ongoing year it has been seen that development of the firm have eased back down and net revenues are decreased. The explanation behind the eased back market development is credited to expanded rivalry in the market. Another purpose behind the moderate development is Woolworths turnaround plan is currently begun taking the shape. This year the organization opened 4 markets and shut 3 stores (Chung, 2016). To quicken the development the organization has intended to cut item extend by 15 percent. The organization is wanting to supplant those items with its own image items. The organization plans to expel all the failing to meet expectations SKU (stock keeping unit). The organization has arranged so in light of the fact that it each SKU includes a cost flexibly chain and evacuating failing to meet expectations SKUs will decrease the expense (Chung, 2016). PESTLE examination is the investigation of outside elements that sway nature. It is arranged into 6 powers political, financial, social, specialized, mechanical, lawful and natural (Reinhardt, Domingo, Garca Christodoulou, 2017). PESLE examination of Coles Supermarket for Australian markets is done as follows: As of late the central government has found a way to expel duopoly in the market. Coles and Woolsworths have duopoly in the Australian market. This choice of government has diminished section hindrances and numerous players have entered the market this makes battle for Coles. The financial downturns, debilitating of Australian dollars has diminished the buying intensity of Australian clients. The clients are presently getting more costs delicate. The organization is attempting to lessen the cost of items to the base conceivable net revenues. The organization is expanding intensity of providers. Because of government choices more contenders can enter the market. Beforehand there were just two players in the market in this manner the providers have no choice and had low force yet with the more players in the market the providers will have different alternatives and their capacity will increment. The social powers that sway the organization are good. The organization as of late got an honor for reasonable exchange rehearses. The organization gives different items which are ensured under reasonable exchange. The organization additionally gives additional cash to ranchers and makers for different offices, for example, training and clinical offices. The organization has additionally held hands with an association named Red kite. It contributes for the malignant growth care of youngsters and youthful. The organization has held hands with an association called SecondBite. It gives abundance of new food, pastry shop items and vegetables. This assists with diminishing waste just as gives the food to many. The organization consistently attempts to stay up with the innovative turn of events. The organization utilizes most recent apparatuses and programming in its activities. It has presented oneself registration offices at the exit to lessen the line. The organization has likewise presented cloud foundation in its activities. The organization gives the office of web based shopping and contactless installment by the utilization of web. The ACCC has presented lawful inconsistency against the organization for exploitative conduct against the providers. The ACCC intently screens the associations in nature and takes reasonable activities for any sort of error. The Coles supports the utilization of reasonable items. It is working for assurance. The Coles markets are intended to decrease the ozone depleting substances outflows. The organization continually continues contributing on different tasks that help to accomplish condition preservation objectives (Coles, 2017). SWOT Analysis: Qualities Very much aware of the market needs due to the long presence in Australian markets. Very much created promoting and marking Set up brand name. World class flexibly chain the executives. Shortcoming Negative picture was arrangement when the instance of antagonistic provider rehearses was featured. Dangers Financial conditions in Australia Lawful and political ramifications Increment in the quantity of contenders Openings Open door for worldwide development in developing markets. Enhancement openings SWOT examination of the organizations exhibits the organization has different qualities and not very many shortcomings. This can be decreased if the organization takes measures to defeat the shortcoming. Market division Targeting: Market division can be depicted as procedure of isolating the huge markets into little gatherings based on likeness that exist among them. Market division is significant for deciding the showcasing technique of practically all the effective associations. Market section gives the lucidity and close view to the necessities and needs of a specific customer gathering. It assists with building increasingly sensible promoting objectives and accomplish higher outcomes (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011).Segmentation of the business sectors for Coles should be possible on the accompanying premise: This partitions the market based on age, salary, sex, standing, race and so forth. (Ham Church 2014) The segment division of Coles Australia is separated based on age. The two fragments based on age are youngsters (underneath 15) and grown-ups (over 15). One the premise of salary there are three classes high pay gathering, center pay gathering and low pay gathering. This partitions the business sectors based on way of life. Based on way of life two significant portions are working gathering who don't have a lot of time to shop and non-working gathering. Based on conduct divisions can be made based on information, character and response of the buyer (Rupp, Kern Helmig, 2014). Coles has isolated the market into two gatherings based on practices. These portions are of clients who have exceptional market information and clients who have low market information. Essential and optional objective markets: After the division the following stage for the organization is to choose the objective market. The essential objective market of the firm incorporates grown-up families. The optional objective includes the youngsters. The organization plans it showcasing methodologies and administrations maintaining the emphasis on grown-up families who have different cooking propensities. It likewise caters the requirements of regular workers gathering and attempts to give them the unwinding and efficient experience. The organization dedicates less endeavors for providing food the necessities of children.The level of inclusion your essential section is probably going to have towards your association regarding the dynamic. The essential objective market of Coles that is grown-up house hold has a significant level of association towards association as far as dynamic. Before coming to any end result or choice the association first keeps the enthusiasm of the essential objective. Remembering their requi rements the organization consistently furnishes with new, protected and sound items. Considering the necessities of common laborers it has additionally introduced Self look at offices, web based shopping and contactless installments. In todays time being client driven issues a great deal since customer has various alternatives in the commercial center (Sotiropoulos, 2016). High inclusion of focused clients in dynamic is thusly significant. This association doesn't implies just the immediate contribution it additionally includes the backhanded inclusion of the focused on gathering. It centers around the center salary fragment this is reflected in the different choices taken by the firm to diminish the item cost and make client mindful about the lower costs. The organization has chosen to evacuate failing to meet expectations SKUs to diminish the item cost. The companys promoting efforts are centered around value affectability. Different opportunity to time choices taken by the firm, show immediate or aberrant contribution of essential objective in the dynamic. Coles and Woolsworth are two significant players in the business up till now. In any case, the ascent of ALDI have tested their situation in the market .different contenders of the firm are IGA and Costco. As indicated by the reports of 2016, the piece of the pie of ALDI raised to 7.9 percent. The Woolworths and Coles share boiled down to 34.2 and 29.2 percent individually. A year ago the portion of ALDI was 7.4 percent though Woolworth and Coles secured 40 and 30 percent

Karim rashid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Karim rashid - Research Paper Example Karim Rashid is a creator by calling whose present base is New York where he possesses a structure studio. He bargains in all the previously mentioned structures and is an incredibly famous figure for that. In this field of plan the fundamental standards that oversee it are very liberal as the workmanship business may be. The craftsman thinks of the structures that suit the pictures or messages that they wish to hand-off. The standards and guidelines that administer craftsmanship as are not as severe like those that oversee technical disciplines. Karim Rashid really has a degree in Industrial Design which set tone for his accomplishment in the structuring business. He is an Egyptian from Cairo where he was conceived in 1960 (Karim Rashid. 2010). In course of his work Rashid has thought of more than 3000 structures altogether and has scooped more than 300 originator grants world over under various plan classifications that he is engaged with as referenced before. A portion of the honors he has won are corresponding to inside plans of cafés like Marimoto, Semiramis inn among others. He has likewise had grants from shows for Audi Company and Deutsche Bank. In spite of the fact that the business is extreme as far as making sure about customers, Rashid has had the option to furrow a decent number of them and in certainty of high gauge and height. Case of his customers are Audi, Korea, Ax Lab, USA, Casamania, Italy, Cysone, Peru, Cupid Jewels, Singapore among others which are goliaths in their own privilege inside the segment they work in, in their individual nations. This is another sign of how gigantic an originator he is on universal standing (Karim Rashid. 2010). Right now the architect is dealing with a different undertakings that he means to feature in the coming Milan Furniture Fair. In this assortment he plans to welcome on board restrooms for Axia, Caleido and Hellos, a Corian theoretical house, Dibi entryways among other related furnishings and inside structure things. He is likewise chipping away at a sex-toy shop in Berlin which will be possessed by Fun Factory. He says that

A Complete Guide to Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)

A Complete Guide to Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) One of life’s most important challenges to master is how you can control your behavior; as well as understand the way others behave. Personal development is a meaningful aspect of both professional and personal life.While there are plenty of strategies to use to achieve more control over your actions, Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is one of the most popular and effective. © Shutterstock.com | chrupkaThis guide will look at the history of NLP, as well as its core concept and strategies. You’ll also be able to understand more about the benefits NLP can provide you with.THE HISTORY OF NLPNLP was first developed in the 1970s by Richard Bandler and John Grinder. The two Californians drew upon previous theories in the fields of psychotherapy, language and personal development and created their own therapeutic form of improving human behavior. Parts of NLP are deeply rooted in ideas and techniques from people such as Milton Erickson, Noam Chomsky and Carlos Castaneda.Since early on, Bandler and Grinder wanted to understand the complexity of human nature and how different aspects of the brain interact with others. In 1975, the two published a book called The Structure of Magic I: A book about language and Therapy, which has been the basis of the system and how it is used by therapists and other practitioners.Bandler and Grinder believed that our neurologic al processes, language and our behavior are all connected. By focusing on certain skills, we could use the connection to our advantage and possibly treat problems ranging from phobias to psychosomatic illnesses.The early part of the movement saw the idea develop and draw upon the growing literature of the human potential movement. As neither Bandler nor Grinder were qualified in psychology and therapeutic application methods, they felt it gave them a better ability to cause the paradigm shift in thinking in these fields.How NLP became commercializedThe system quickly gained in popularity, as the human potential movement began to lift off at the end of the 1970s. Aspects of NLP were seen as a helpful tool for improving personal development and its therapeutic benefits were beginning to shape form even outside the immediate psychotherapy sector.The system thus became commercialized and its methods were applied for use in industries such as business. Bandler and Grinder also moved away from pure academic writing and began organizing seminars and events for people who were looking to better themselves.At the time, a community of both psychotherapists and students formed around the NLP movement and it began to gain global attention. Many of today’s famous self-help gurus and motivational speakers have studied NLP and use it as part of their teaching. For example, Tony Robbins trained with Grinder.The movement has since lost some momentum, with opponents claiming it has no scientific basis. Yet, the movement is still widely studied and used both in academic and non-academic circles.NLP system is, for example, still used for psychotherapeutic purposes. It is both a basis of other therapeutic disciplines, as well as its own specific form of therapy called Neurolinguistic Psychotherapy.Furthermore, while the movement began as a therapeutic orientation, it is still widely applied in other sectors as well. Because of the ability for the system to enhance things such as persuasion, negotiation and sales, fields such as business have taken aspects of the system and used them to better the industry. There are many business leaders, managers and sport coaches, who believe the system can provide people in these fields many benefits.THE CORE CONCEPT OF NLPAccording to Bandler’s own definition of NLP, the system is:A model of interpersonal communication chiefly concerned with the relationships between successful patterns of behaviour and the subjective experiences (esp. patterns of thought) underlying them.The idea is that all of humans share the same basic neurology. Your ability to do things in life essentially therefore depend on how you control your nervous system. Furthermore, NLP states your neurological system is directly related to your linguistic and behavioral patterns. Since all of them are essentially learned through experience, or programming, you can also gain control of these aspects with the right modeling.The idea is that external beh aviors are controlled by internal processing strategies. So, while you are making a sale, for example, you are using an internal processing strategy to engage in the behavior, even if you don’t consciously know it. With NLP, you are able to understand and utilize different strategies, which can ultimately help you achieve certain goals.For example, if you are looking to improve your social status, you can learn internal strategies that help you achieve this.The term neuro-linguistic programming could also be viewed through each component.Neuro refers to the neurological system â€" the world is experienced through the senses and the sensory information is translated into our thought processes, both consciously and unconsciously. These thought processes in turn could have an impact on our physiology, emotions as well as behavior.Linguistic refers to how we use language to make sense of the world â€" Because language has a role in the way you capture and conceptualize the world aroun d you, the words you use can influence your experience of the world.Programming refers to the process of learning things â€" We all use the different internal strategies and patterns to learn things and make decisions.Three central components of NLPYou can understand the idea behind NLP by focusing on the three central components. These are: subjectivity, consciousness and learning.1) SubjectivityEach person experiences the world subjectively, meaning that our experiences of the world leave us to form subjective models of how things are. These experiences are constituted in terms of our five senses, as well as the language we use.Therefore, these experiences are formed through the senses of vision, audition, tactition, olfaction and gustation and through the language, we use to think and talk about the experiences. According to the theory of NLP, the subjective experiences have a pattern, which influences the way you see the world, talk about it and behave in it.The human behavior i s therefore controlled by these sense-based representations. By manipulating the sense-based subjective experiences, it is possible to change behavior, according to the theory.2) ConsciousnessThe basic premise of NLP believes consciousness branches into two separate notions, the conscious component and the unconscious component. All of us experience things in our unconscious mind, even though these unconscious representations can affect our conscious behavior.3) LearningFinally, learning is the third central concept of NLP. As you will learn later, NLP sees learning as an imitative behavior, which they call modeling. The theory states that imitative learning can codify and reproduce any desired behavior.The NLP communication modelThe above three core elements form the basis of much of the theory and strategy of NLP. Another central idea of the system is the NLP communication model. While the above section deals shortly on how NLP believes human behavior happens, here’s a deeper lo ok at this guiding principle.Essentially, the NLP communication model states that a person is constantly in a sort of behavioral loop. Their external behavior always creates an internal response. The internal response, in turn, creates the person to respond in a certain way, i.e. external behavior. As you can probably see, this external behavior then creates the internal response and so on.As discussed earlier, the NLP system states that all external behavior is caused by the sensory experience of visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, olfactory and gustatory senses. Therefore, your internal response is affected by these senses and they will cause you to further behave in a specific learned way.Furthermore, the internal response you have for a specific external behavior is made up of a collection of internal processes and internal state. These refer to the different ways you interpret the sensory experience. The internal process refers to things such as self-talk and sounds created in your mind, while internal state refers to the feelings and emotions you experience.COMMON STRATEGIES OF NLPThe idea of NLP is heavily based on the ideas of a strategy, as it sees your internal and external behavior uses processing strategies for each behaviour and response. The system uses different ideas of strategies as part of explaining human behavior, as well as a way to change it.The most common strategies of NLP are dealt in short-detail below. There are further strategies used and some of the strategies and the way they are applied depends on the context of use.ModelingThe basis of the NLP theory was built around modeling. Modeling is considered as a means of finding out about a person’s belief system, as well as physiology. It is also used in terms of understanding the person’s mental strategies, which in turn influence the other two aspects of thinking and behavior.Modeling essentially tries to find the strategies or mental behavior patterns the person uses for doing thing s. An example of modeling could be about how a person learns a new skill. In order to learn to speak Spanish, the person would need to model three things.First, the individual needs to learn the vocabulary. This simply means understanding that gato means cat, for instance.Then the person would need to learn the syntax. This means the ability to put these words together in order to make a sentence. For example, the ability to say “Me llamo John”, “My name is John”.Finally, the third part of modeling would be about understanding the mouth movements. Different languages have a different way of moving the mouth to pronounce words and you’d need to study this in order to sound truly Spanish.According to the theory, you can find these models in all of your behavior. By understanding the modeling behind your behavior, you can change it. For example, if you are not as productive at responding to e-mails, as you’d like, you could find out the models you use for responding and cha nge the problematic aspects of your model to something more productive.NLP strategy of external and internal experiencesThe NLP strategies deal with the previously mentioned external and internal experiences. Both of these experiences produce a specific result. In the NLP strategy theory, there is always a specific sequence of both external and internal experiences, which lead to a specific result. If you change the order and sequence, you are likely going to get a different result.For example, in order for you to get the e-mail sent, you always use a certain strategy of both external and internal experiences. If the sequence is distracted or changed, it won’t happen.The elements that go to each strategy involve the five different senses: visual, auditory, kinaesthetic (feelings), olfactory and gustatory. You might start the external behavior of writing an e-mail, which creates an internal experience of a specific image or smell, which in turn will cause you to behave in a certain way. Note that these five sensory experiences can happen both externally and internally.When you are meeting with an NLP therapist, for instance, they will focus on noticing your external and internal experiences. For example, how your eyes move when you talk about a certain thing and so on. These will help create a better understanding of the strategies you use.The T.O.T.E. modelBandler and Grinder also discussed a model called T.O.T.E. model. This refers to a model of different NLP strategies and it is mainly used in order to explain how a person processes information. T.O.T.E. stands for Test, Operate, Test and Exit.The theory is widely attached to Bandler and Grinder, although the concept originally came from a book by Miller, Galenter and Pribram called Plans and the Structure of Behaviour.The T.O.T.E. model is mainly used to see what are the processes that cause you to react a certain way. The model is used to finding out what is the thing that sets of a specific strategy in motion in your behavior.The test essentially looks at the trigger, which starts the strategy. As the trigger continues to operate, it is then tested again to see if the process has completed.Think of it through an example of motivating yourself to write those e-mails. You first want to consider the thing that motivates you to start writing. This would be the trigger. You start the test, by seeing whether you start the strategy of writing.Next in the model is the part for operation. The operation point looks at the external and internal processes that are needed for the strategy to continue. What are the external and internal responses to writing the e-mails, for example?Finally, you’ll do another test. Here you will compare if the trigger and operation established in the first test caused the same strategy and behavior. The exit comes about if the test proves to be successful, i.e. the behavior was the same. If not, you’ll need to think whether the trigger was wrong or the exper iences differed during the second operation phase.Watch the below YouTube video to understand more about the NLP techniques:THE BENEFITS OF NLPNLP has been widely used in different sectors and the proponents of the system believe it can have life-changing benefits for most people. Some of the most common advantages of the system are mentioned below.Reduce anxiety and stressMost therapeutic approaches are naturally effective in helping people with anxiety and NLP is no different. There has even been a study, which showed NLP helped people suffering from claustrophobia during MRI scans to alleviate the feeling of anxiety.Part of the reason NLP can reduce anxiety and stress is its linguistic mechanism. Most people, who are anxious, feel calmer when they are able to talk about the anxiety problem. The guided sessions can also provide the person a better sense of the situation as well as reinforce the response mechanisms for stressful situations.Boost business successNLP can have a huge impact on your professional life, as you can change your behaviour to better suit your business goals. The system can effectively help you become more productive without having to slave for hours at the office. Since you are able to harness the good behavior and eliminate the bad habits, you are sure to see business success.Furthermore, the simple fact NLP is focused on learning and improving your strategies to learn is hugely influential in boosting business success. Because it helps you understand how human behavior is taught, you are better able to reinforce the good business mechanisms within your business.Enhance creativityNLP techniques and strategies can also help you be more creative. By understanding the impact different sensory elements have on your own behavior, you can start experimenting with different ideas and strategies. This can help you see common problems in a different light.Remove phobias or fearsSince NLP focuses on understanding strategies that guide your beha vior and change them for better, you can use it to remove phobias or fears you have. With the help of NLP, you can change the internal response you get when you see an animal you are scared of, for instance. If you are afraid of public spaces, you can learn strategies that help you control your emotions when you need to take the stage.Improve your health and relationshipsWhile the evidence to support NLP’s influence on healthy mood is somewhat limited, most people find reduced levels of depression and improved moved after implementing NLP strategies. This is often down to the fact that people are more able to replace bad habits with good ones with the system. Since you won’t need to worry about a negative impact on your health, testing out whether the system works for you is easy.Overall, because the theory is focused on improving your understanding of the human behavior, you can improve your relationships with other people. By understanding the ways people operate, you can resp ond to them better and understand their sometimes negative approaches to life more.

William Shakespeare s The Midsummer Night Dream - 948 Words

Our group focused on a chapter from Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy, â€Å"May Games and Metamorphoses on a Midsummer Night† by Barber, C.L. From this section of the book, it gave me a new insight regarding to Shakespeare’s play The Midsummer s Night Dream. Barber did a great job in his explanation on the romance part of the play and also on the metamorphoses part, however he was unorganized and the methods he used to explain his ideas were confusing. In the scene, where Lysander and Hermia plans to escape, Barber refers to Romeo and Juliet. At that point of the play, they are star-cross lovers and their love is being frowned upon Also, Lysander refers to their love as a struck of lighten meaning it was love at first sight, which also happened in Romeo and Juliet. When people fall in love at first sight it shows that love itself is blind. Their relationship is out of the ordinary because during the Renaissance it is the parents or authorities that took control over marriage. Those that reject that rule usually ends in a tragedy. Another scene that Barber amplifies love is blind, was the scene between Demetrius and Helena. Demetrius, who just fell out of love with Helena, was blindly in love with Hermia who despises him. Helena whom would give the world to be with Demetrius is also blind by love because no matter how hard Demetrius pushes her away, she still clingy to him. If love was not in fact blind then even the love potion would have not blinded Lysander from loving HermiaShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1339 Words   |  6 PagesHonors For A Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare 1. Title of the book - The title of the book is called A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare. 2. Author s name - The author of the book A Midsummer Night s Dream is William Shakespeare. 3. The year the piece was written - A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare was believed to have been written between 1590-1596. 4. Major Characters - There are three major characters in the book A Midsummer Night s Dream by WilliamRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1882 Words   |  8 PagesWritten during the Elizabethan era where gender roles played an important part in society and relationships, A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare portrays the interaction between both sexes, and the women’s response to the expectation of such norms. Although the characters: Hippolyta, Hermia, Helena, and Titania, are portrayed as objects (both sexual and material) contingent upon their male lovers, they are also given empowerment. During the Elizabethan Era, and present throughout MNDRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinstance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwarted by the mischief of fairies. Although Shakespeare in Love outlines a few of the characteristicsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1548 Words   |  7 Pagesspoken by Helena in Act 1 Scene 1 line 234, explains that it matters not what the eyes see but what the mind thinks it sees. In the play, A Midsummer Night s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, there are several instances where the act of seeing is being portrayed. The definition of vision is the ability to see, something you imagine or something you dream. This proves that even though one has the ability to see; the mind tends to interfere and sometimes presents a different picture. VariousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream867 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically how they will benefit that other person, you’re in love.† In A Midsummer Night s Dream, William Shakespeare intertwined each individual characters. Through the concept of true love and presented to the audiences a twisted yet romantic love story. The love stories of Renaissance are richly colorful, so Shakespeare used multiple literary techniques to present to the readers a vivid image of true love. Shakespeare applied metaphor in the lines of Lysander. In Act 1, scene 1, Lysander saysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream990 Words   |  4 PagesSymbols in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream Symbols help to play an important part in giving a deeper meaning to a story. William Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream and by using these symbols he offers some insight onto why certain events take place in the play. Symbols are sometimes hard to decipher but as the reader continues to read the symbol’s meaning might become more clear. Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in A Midsummer Night’s DreamRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1397 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s comedies, like those of most Renaissance playwrights, involve love and its obstacles. Much of the comedy in A Midsummer Night’s Dream derives from the attempt of Lysander and Hermia to remain together while overcoming the adult authority figure who attempts to hinder the love of a young couple. The overcoming of an obstacle functions as a common motif in Renaissance comedy. The audience must wonder, however, whether Lysander and Hermia, as well as Demetrius and Helena, actually loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1207 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream has been categorized as a comedy play because of all the characters being passionately in love to the point of being foolish. It’s a play all about love, and the characters that are in love are only young adults, so they are still naive when it comes to love. Their naivety and foolishness regarding love is what allows them to be taken advantage of by mischievous fairies when they all run away into the woods. By critiquing the love affairs and numerousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagestogether. Nor will love ever be a controllable compulsion. Maybe we are fools for going into the perilous, eccentric universe of love; yet what fun would life be without it? William Shakespeare s play A Midsummer Night s Dream investigates the unconventional, unreasonable and unpredictable nature of love during his time. Shakespeare conveys this through the main plot of the play, which is composed of the relationships between three couples. The three couples show examples of three different types ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1442 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare is estimated to have lived from 1564 to about 1616. He is often recognized as great English poet, actor, and playwright, and paved the way for many on all of those categories. Over that span he wrote many pieces that are still relevant today such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. I would like to take a deeper look into one on his pieces â€Å"A Midsummers Night’s Dream.† This piece is estimated to have first been preformed in about 1595 and then later published in 1600. Many

On Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics - 1681 Words

1. Introduction There is little doubt that Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics are by far the two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. Though both attempt to answer questions about morality and behavior, the two theories have many fundamental differences: one evaluates actions in terms of the utility they produce whereas the other considers whether actions fulfill duty; one emphasizes consequence where the other highlights intentions; one sees desire as essential while the other precludes it and values reason. For years, philosophers have raised many objections towards each of the two theories, some of which are very compelling. In this paper, I will introduce and explain two famous objections to Classical Utilitarianism and anticipate how a non-utilitarian Consequentialist might try to avoid these problems. I will also describe the basic idea of Kantian Ethics and explain why Kant’s theory is less vulnerable to the harsh criticisms faced by Utilitarianism. 2. Two Objections to Classical Utilitarianism Classical Utilitarianism is the doctrine that an act is morally right if and only if it maximizes overall utility , and that each person’s utility is counted impartially in the calculation. Specifically, Classical Utilitarianism entails three important elements: (1) Consequence is the only criterion in judging whether an action is right or wrong; (2) the net utility (the outcome after precluding total pain from total happiness) is the only thingShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Analysis786 Words   |  4 Pagesadhere to. Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics are two systems that provide a way to approach life decisions, big and small. Utilitarianism, nicknamed â€Å"The Greatest Happiness† states that the ethical choice is the choice that yields the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. Kantian ethics, also called duty ethics, explains that for any action, people must act according to common principles, with no significance placed on the outcome. The ethical theories, utilitarianism and KantianRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1178 Words   |  5 Pages Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ethics is one part of philosophy that will always be studied, and like most subjects in philosophy, will never be viewed the same by everyone. There are so many cultures that have so many different beliefs about the way a persons life should be lived out. Things like religion, poverty, and mental health all contribute to our beliefs in ethics. Some people believe that the mental state of a person or the motive for that person committingRead MoreCorporate Welfare And Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics914 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Welfare and Utilitarianism Case one proclaims that the American economy is failing millions of Americans. In today’s day in age, having a full time job does not guarantee an income above the poverty line. Currently, there are â€Å"80 government assistance programs† which provide working families the means to survive. It is important to note that these programs cost $153 billion annually, and these costs are covered by the government from the tax revenue they receive from hard working AmericansRead MoreKantian Ethics vs. Utilitarianism1714 Words   |  7 Pagesmorality such as John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism. 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Onora O’neilRead MoreKantian Deontology, Utilitarianism, And Virtue Ethics1606 Words   |  7 PagesOver the course we’ve studied three ethical theories, those theories are Kantian deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. These theories focus on different philosophies or views that are used to either explain or make a judgment in regards to what is considered right or wrong in a given situation. To begin with, ethical theories help explain why an individual believes that an action is right or wrong. It gives one an understanding of how an individual chooses to make ethical decisions. WhichRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will be discussing an article about a woman who starved her two horses. I will address the issue about whether or not the woman’s action was ethical. I will use the two ethical theories of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics to support my argumen t. I will also suggest a different course of action the woman could have taken to be justified, through both ethical theories. The article follows the story about an Australian woman who breached her duty of care to two horses that she ownedRead MoreThe Schiavos, Rule Utilitarianism, and Kantian Ethics Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesRui Chaves The Schiavos, Rule Utilitarianism, and Kantian Ethics The case of â€Å"The Schiavos† is focused primarily on one member of the family, which is Terri Schiavo. Terri had been in a coma for 13 years. Although, â€Å"no one is completely sure what happened but the best guess is she suffered a heart attack† (Pierce, 64) presumably caused by her bulimia. Due to the severity of her heart attack, it left Terri with severe brain damaged which in turn left her in a persistent vegetative state which leavesRead MoreKantian Ethics And Utilitarianism Are At Variance On Issues Of Morality1992 Words   |  8 PagesKantian ethics and utilitarianism are at variance on issues of morality and do share a similar end goal on what general ethical outcomes in solving the ills of the world. These two philosophical thoughts examine nature of morality with variant theories. As Kantian ethics are based on the theories propagated by German philosopher Immanuel Kant, utilitarianism on the other hand as has been projected by Jeremy Bentham and John S tuart Mills and many others who share in this school of thought. In thisRead MoreDifference Between Virtue Ethics, Kantian And Utilitarianism977 Words   |  4 Pages258). Virtue ethics then is concerned with what makes a person virtuous versus vicious when it comes to making moral decisions, with emotions playing an important role. In this paper, I support Aristotle’s emphasis on emotions as a key to being virtuous, especially since emotions tell us what is important and motivate us to act (Shafer-Landau, 2015, p. 257-258). Before we get to the premises of my argument, I would like to distinguish the difference between virtue ethics, Kantian deontology and

Joshua Free Essays

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Nicks use of diction and imagery in his language shows that the attendees of the party are not ordinary commoners but extravagant and luxurious people from the upper classes. Nick’s uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, when Nick first sees Myrtle’s sister, Catherine, he describes that she is a â€Å"slender, worldly girl†. We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua or any similar topic only for you Order Now He thinks that, unlike other average women, Catherine is special and unique. By saying she is â€Å"worldly,† he implies that she is above other women. In addition, when Nick begins to describe Mr.. McKee, Nick says that he is, â€Å"most respectful in his greeting to everyone In the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee’s manners are similar to that of a person from high society. People from the upper classes tend to be more respectful and mannerly compared to those from the lower classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was In the, â€Å"artistic game,† and that he, â€Å"photographed [Mrs.. McKee] a hundred and twenty- even times since they had been married. † This leads Nick to believe that Mr.. And Mrs.. McKee were most likely from the upper classes rather than the lower or common classes. Not many people In those times had the time and luxury to take many photographs of their wives since they all had to work many hours. By using diction, Nick shows the luxury and extravagance of the people attending the party. Nick does not only use diction In his language, but also Imagery to support his belief that the people at the party were not from a common class, but from an upper class. For example, when Catherine moves around the room, Nick begins to realize, â€Å"an Incessant clicking as Innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon her arm. † Catherine was wealthy enough to afford lots of Jewelry, meaning that she must be from a high class since people from the lower classes were not able to afford such Jewelry. Nick used Imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had In order to show her wealth and luxury. In Dalton, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"SLP[s] It on moieties when [she doesn’t] care what [she] look[s] like. Even when she Is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow’s clothing Is respectable and beautiful. She has at least some wealth since people were able to acknowledge her luxury even when she was not trying to show It. Imagery Is used In Nick’s language to describe the wealth of the attendees and to prove that they are n ot from the lower classes. Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using Dalton and Imagery In his language. By showing their luxury and polite manner, he describes them as economically stable and wealthy and extravagant. Joshua By schoolhouses Nicks uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, respectful in his greeting to everyone in the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee’s classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was in common classes. Not many people in those times had the time and luxury to take Nick does not only use diction in his language, but also imagery to support his â€Å"an incessant clicking as innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon such Jewelry. Nick used imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had in order to show her wealth and luxury. In addition, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"slip[s] it on sometimes when [she doesn’t] care what [she] look[s] like. † Even when she is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow’s clothing is respectable and beautiful. When she was not trying to show it. Imagery is used in Nicks language to describe Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using diction and imagery in his How to cite Joshua, Papers

The influence of Anne Fisher Essay Example For Students

The influence of Anne Fisher Essay Fishers pedagogical concern clearly represents an advancement in the practicality of grammars, when compared to those of Lowth (1762), Priestley (1761) and Ussher (1785), which did not discuss teaching techniques, as the only important thing was the content, not the form (Rodriguez-Gil, 2006: 20). Despite this, children had a tendency to merely memorise lists of rules and apply them to the examples in isolation, and Mitchell (2001: 104) therefore suggests that exercises such as this did little to enhance writing. The exercises were also criticised by Daniel Fenning (1771: vi), who argues that They are more likely to perplex a young Scholar, and to confirm an old one in error, than to direct the judgment of the one, or correct the bad habit of the other. Instead, in what appears to be an early form of peer editing (Mitchell, 2001: 105), he recommends students writing letters to the schoolmaster or to each other, where they will frequently err against every rule of syntax, as from his experience, a Child will attend more carefully to the correction of an error made by himself, than to the correction of one made by another (vii). We will write a custom essay on The influence of Anne Fisher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nonetheless, Fishers exercises made a significant impact on subsequent grammars, as demonstrated by Murray, who suggested that a proper selection of faulty composition is more instructive to the young grammarian, than any rules and examples of propriety that can be given (1795: iv). The exercises were included in about eighty eighteenth and nineteenth century English grammars (Michael 1987: 325-327) and even in separate textbooks, such as Murrays English Exercises (1797). This was supplemented by Key to the Exercises (1797), which aimed to guide readers through the examples. In the Orthography section, Fisher provides a list of how the letters of the alphabet are pronounced. She distinguishes between vowels and consonants, and more specifically, between long and short vowels, as well as diphthongs. While Fisher introduced various innovations in other sections of her grammar, her treatment of orthography is traditional among English grammarians, according to Michael (1970: 184), who states that Orthography meant the study of letters of the alphabet, which were enumerated, and classified as consonants, vowels and diphthongs The structure of a word was therefore shown by the syllables into which it could be divided. This latter remark is demonstrated by her conception of spelling as the DIVISION of WORDS into SYLLABLES (Fisher, 1753: 29), which is not dissimilar to Douglas (c. 1720) suggestion that To Spell is to Name all the letters of a Word, divide them into distinct Syllables, and then join them together in order to read or Pronounce them aright (cited in Michael, ibid). Thus, Fisher appears to continue this English orthographic tradition with few additions or variations. However, the various similarities between features in this section and Daniel Fishers The Childs Christian Education (1743) leads Rodri guez-Gil (2008) to suspect that Daniel Fisher may have acted as a co-author in A New Grammar. The spelling rules in the two grammars, she suggests, run almost in parallel, even occurring in the same order, although with some more or less trivial changes (159). For example, Daniel Fishers Rule I is If two Vowels come together, not making a Diphthong, they must be divided, as Li-ar, Ru-in (Daniel Fisher, 1759: 101), which is identical to Ann Fishers Rule I, with the minor exception of her replacement of Li-ar with pi-ous (Ann Fisher, 1750: 33). Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 161) admits however, that it was not uncommon for the same or similar rules to appear in contemporary grammars or spelling books and she is therefore unable to provide sufficient textual evidence that Daniel Fisher was the co-author. Despite this, Rodri .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .postImageUrl , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:visited , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:active { border:0!important; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:active , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dead Poets Society: The Influence Of Transcendental Thinking Essayguez-Gil presents circumstantial evidence that supports Daniel Fisher being somehow connected with A New Grammar. The second edition (1750) states that it was written by the AUTHOR of THE CHILDS CHRISTIAN EDUCATION, and others, and Daniel Fisher was in fact, the author of this work. Moreover, the third edition (1751) was written by D. FISHER, and others. Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 150) dismisses the suggestion that Ann Fisher used Daniel Fisher as a pseudonym as Daniel Fisher was already a popular contemporary author and the use of his name without his permission would cause legal problems. Furthermore, Isaac Thompson published a number of books by both Ann and Daniel Fisher. Based on this, Rodri guez-Gil suggests that this common acquaintance supports the possibility that Ann Fisher and Daniel Fisher knew each other (153). This indicates that as Ann Fisher was an unfamiliar author when A New Grammar was first published, having not produced anything before this, and due to her disadvantage as a female, it is possible that she presented the book as being co-written with Daniel Fisher in order to increase its chance of success. Consequently, there is convincing evidence that Daniel Fisher contributed, at least in some ways, to A New Grammar, and as Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 175) suggests, he seems to have introduced Ann Fisher into the male-dominated world of scholars, thus acting as her patron. A New Grammar presents a descriptive account of features of the English language, based on Fishers linguistic observations. She is clearly a reformer grammarian, who celebrates the uniqueness of English, embracing its peculiarities and outwardly rejecting the traditional Latin model of English grammar. Her career as a teacher shines through with her emphasis on a practical grammar, which revolutionary takes into consideration pedagogical methods. Although Fisher is often overshadowed in modern linguistic studies by grammarians such as Lowth and Murray, the innovations she brought to the grammatical tradition cannot be overlooked. Bibliography Baugh, A. and Cable, T. (2002), A History of the English Language. London: Routledge. Bodine, A. (1975), Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: singular they, sex-indefinite he, and he or she . Language in Society 4: 129-46. Goldsmith, L. (1979), Ambivalence towards womens education in the eighteenth century: the thoughts of Vicesimus Knox II. Paedagogia-Historica 19: 315-27. Michael, I. (1970), English Grammatical Categories and the Tradition to 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michael, I. (1985), English Grammatical Categories and the Tradition to 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michael, Ian. 1987. The Teaching of English from the Sixteenth Century to 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mitchell, L. (2001), Grammar Wars. Hampshire: Ashgate. Moessner, L. (2000), Grammatical description and language use in the seventeenth century. In Ricardo Bermi dez-Otero et al. (eds. ), Generative Theory and Corpus Studies: A Dialogue from 10 ICEHL. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 395-416. Myer, A. (1997), Myers Literary Guide, the North East. Manchester: Carcanet Press. Percy, Carol. 1994. Paradigms for their Sex? Womens grammar in late eighteenth-century England. Histoire Epistemologie Langage 16:2. 121-141. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2003), Ann Fisher, descriptive or prescriptive grammarian? . Linguistica e Filologia 17: 183-203. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2006), Deconstructing Female Conventions: Ann Fisher (1719-1778). Historiographia Linguistica 33. 1: 11-38. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2008), Ann Fischers A New Grammar, or was it Daniel Fishers work? In Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed. ), Grammars, Grammarians and Grammar-Writing in Eighteenth-Century England. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 149-77. Rydi n, M. (1984), The study of eighteenth century syntax. In Jacek Fisiak (ed. ), Studies and Monographs 23: Historical Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 509-21. Yi i ez-Bouza, N. (2008), Preposition stranding in the eighteenth century: Something to talk about. In Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed.), Grammars, Grammarians and Grammar-Writing in Eighteenth-Century England. .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .postImageUrl , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:visited , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:active { border:0!important; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:active , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis- A Litany In The Time Of Plague EssayBerlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 278-308. Grammars Consulted Anon. (1706), English Scholar Compleat. London: printed by W. O. and sold by Benjamin Bragg. Anon. (1760), The Pleasing Instructor: Or, Entertaining Moralist. Newcastle upon Tyne: printed for Thomas Slack. Bullokar, W. (1586), William Bullokars Pamphlet for Grammar. London: printed by Edmund Bollifant. Fenning, D. (1771). A New Grammar of the English Tongue. London: printed for S. Crowder. Fisher, A. (1750), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne: printed for I. Thompson and Co. by J.Gooding. Fisher, A. (1751), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne. Fisher, A. (175 3), A New Grammar. London. Fisher, A. (1754), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne: I. Thompson. Fisher, A. (1789), A Practical New Grammar. Newcastle : printed for S. Hodgson, successor to Mr. T. Slack. Fisher, D. (1759), The childs Christian education. London : printed and sold by B. Dod. Greenwood, J. (1711), An essay towards a practical English grammar. London : printed by R. Tookey, and are sold by Samuel Keeble, John Lawrence, Jonah Bowyer, R. and I. Bonwick, and Rob. Halsey. Johnson, S. (1775), A Dictionary of the English Language vol. 1. Dublin : printed for Thomas Ewing, 1775. Lowth, R. (1763), A short introduction to English grammar. Dublin : printed by H. Saunders. Murray, L. (1795), English Grammar. York : printed and sold by Wilson, Spence, and Mawman. Priestley, J. (1761), The rudiments of English grammar. London : printed for R. Griffiths. Websites Oxford English Dictionary Online www. oed. com Accessed on 20th April 2009. van Ostade, I. (2000), Female grammarians of the eighteenth century. Historical Sociolinguistics and Sociohistorical Linguistics website: http://www. let. leidenuniv. nl/hsl_shl/femgram. htm#N_1_