On Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics - 1681 Words

1. Introduction There is little doubt that Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics are by far the two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. Though both attempt to answer questions about morality and behavior, the two theories have many fundamental differences: one evaluates actions in terms of the utility they produce whereas the other considers whether actions fulfill duty; one emphasizes consequence where the other highlights intentions; one sees desire as essential while the other precludes it and values reason. For years, philosophers have raised many objections towards each of the two theories, some of which are very compelling. In this paper, I will introduce and explain two famous objections to Classical Utilitarianism and anticipate how a non-utilitarian Consequentialist might try to avoid these problems. I will also describe the basic idea of Kantian Ethics and explain why Kant’s theory is less vulnerable to the harsh criticisms faced by Utilitarianism. 2. Two Objections to Classical Utilitarianism Classical Utilitarianism is the doctrine that an act is morally right if and only if it maximizes overall utility , and that each person’s utility is counted impartially in the calculation. Specifically, Classical Utilitarianism entails three important elements: (1) Consequence is the only criterion in judging whether an action is right or wrong; (2) the net utility (the outcome after precluding total pain from total happiness) is the only thingShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Analysis786 Words   |  4 Pagesadhere to. Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics are two systems that provide a way to approach life decisions, big and small. Utilitarianism, nicknamed â€Å"The Greatest Happiness† states that the ethical choice is the choice that yields the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. Kantian ethics, also called duty ethics, explains that for any action, people must act according to common principles, with no significance placed on the outcome. The ethical theories, utilitarianism and KantianRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1178 Words   |  5 Pages Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ethics is one part of philosophy that will always be studied, and like most subjects in philosophy, will never be viewed the same by everyone. There are so many cultures that have so many different beliefs about the way a persons life should be lived out. Things like religion, poverty, and mental health all contribute to our beliefs in ethics. Some people believe that the mental state of a person or the motive for that person committingRead MoreCorporate Welfare And Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics914 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Welfare and Utilitarianism Case one proclaims that the American economy is failing millions of Americans. In today’s day in age, having a full time job does not guarantee an income above the poverty line. Currently, there are â€Å"80 government assistance programs† which provide working families the means to survive. It is important to note that these programs cost $153 billion annually, and these costs are covered by the government from the tax revenue they receive from hard working AmericansRead MoreKantian Ethics vs. Utilitarianism1714 Words   |  7 Pagesmorality such as John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism. In teleological approaches to morality, questions of right and wrong, or the notion what an individual ought to do, are determined by the consequences of a given action. One thinker to reject this idea of consequentialism was Immanuel Kant. In his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant endeavors to establish a system of ethics that has no trace of the empirical nature of utilitarianism. To him, â€Å"the moral worth of an action doesRead MoreKantian Ethics vs. Utilitarianism Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Explain Onora O’neil’s argument for preferring Kantian ethics to Utilitarianism. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How would Richard Taylor respond to O’neil’s defense of Kantianism? In the following questions, Onora O’neil defends Kantian ethics while Richard Taylor agrees more with the Utilitarian ethics view. To fully understand both views and why each author defends their view, a brief introduction of each author and who they are is necessary. Onora O’neilRead MoreKantian Deontology, Utilitarianism, And Virtue Ethics1606 Words   |  7 PagesOver the course we’ve studied three ethical theories, those theories are Kantian deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. These theories focus on different philosophies or views that are used to either explain or make a judgment in regards to what is considered right or wrong in a given situation. To begin with, ethical theories help explain why an individual believes that an action is right or wrong. It gives one an understanding of how an individual chooses to make ethical decisions. WhichRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will be discussing an article about a woman who starved her two horses. I will address the issue about whether or not the woman’s action was ethical. I will use the two ethical theories of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics to support my argumen t. I will also suggest a different course of action the woman could have taken to be justified, through both ethical theories. The article follows the story about an Australian woman who breached her duty of care to two horses that she ownedRead MoreThe Schiavos, Rule Utilitarianism, and Kantian Ethics Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesRui Chaves The Schiavos, Rule Utilitarianism, and Kantian Ethics The case of â€Å"The Schiavos† is focused primarily on one member of the family, which is Terri Schiavo. Terri had been in a coma for 13 years. Although, â€Å"no one is completely sure what happened but the best guess is she suffered a heart attack† (Pierce, 64) presumably caused by her bulimia. Due to the severity of her heart attack, it left Terri with severe brain damaged which in turn left her in a persistent vegetative state which leavesRead MoreKantian Ethics And Utilitarianism Are At Variance On Issues Of Morality1992 Words   |  8 PagesKantian ethics and utilitarianism are at variance on issues of morality and do share a similar end goal on what general ethical outcomes in solving the ills of the world. These two philosophical thoughts examine nature of morality with variant theories. As Kantian ethics are based on the theories propagated by German philosopher Immanuel Kant, utilitarianism on the other hand as has been projected by Jeremy Bentham and John S tuart Mills and many others who share in this school of thought. In thisRead MoreDifference Between Virtue Ethics, Kantian And Utilitarianism977 Words   |  4 Pages258). Virtue ethics then is concerned with what makes a person virtuous versus vicious when it comes to making moral decisions, with emotions playing an important role. In this paper, I support Aristotle’s emphasis on emotions as a key to being virtuous, especially since emotions tell us what is important and motivate us to act (Shafer-Landau, 2015, p. 257-258). Before we get to the premises of my argument, I would like to distinguish the difference between virtue ethics, Kantian deontology and

Joshua Free Essays

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Nicks use of diction and imagery in his language shows that the attendees of the party are not ordinary commoners but extravagant and luxurious people from the upper classes. Nick’s uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, when Nick first sees Myrtle’s sister, Catherine, he describes that she is a â€Å"slender, worldly girl†. We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua or any similar topic only for you Order Now He thinks that, unlike other average women, Catherine is special and unique. By saying she is â€Å"worldly,† he implies that she is above other women. In addition, when Nick begins to describe Mr.. McKee, Nick says that he is, â€Å"most respectful in his greeting to everyone In the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee’s manners are similar to that of a person from high society. People from the upper classes tend to be more respectful and mannerly compared to those from the lower classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was In the, â€Å"artistic game,† and that he, â€Å"photographed [Mrs.. McKee] a hundred and twenty- even times since they had been married. † This leads Nick to believe that Mr.. And Mrs.. McKee were most likely from the upper classes rather than the lower or common classes. Not many people In those times had the time and luxury to take many photographs of their wives since they all had to work many hours. By using diction, Nick shows the luxury and extravagance of the people attending the party. Nick does not only use diction In his language, but also Imagery to support his belief that the people at the party were not from a common class, but from an upper class. For example, when Catherine moves around the room, Nick begins to realize, â€Å"an Incessant clicking as Innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon her arm. † Catherine was wealthy enough to afford lots of Jewelry, meaning that she must be from a high class since people from the lower classes were not able to afford such Jewelry. Nick used Imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had In order to show her wealth and luxury. In Dalton, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"SLP[s] It on moieties when [she doesn’t] care what [she] look[s] like. Even when she Is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow’s clothing Is respectable and beautiful. She has at least some wealth since people were able to acknowledge her luxury even when she was not trying to show It. Imagery Is used In Nick’s language to describe the wealth of the attendees and to prove that they are n ot from the lower classes. Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using Dalton and Imagery In his language. By showing their luxury and polite manner, he describes them as economically stable and wealthy and extravagant. Joshua By schoolhouses Nicks uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, respectful in his greeting to everyone in the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee’s classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was in common classes. Not many people in those times had the time and luxury to take Nick does not only use diction in his language, but also imagery to support his â€Å"an incessant clicking as innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon such Jewelry. Nick used imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had in order to show her wealth and luxury. In addition, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"slip[s] it on sometimes when [she doesn’t] care what [she] look[s] like. † Even when she is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow’s clothing is respectable and beautiful. When she was not trying to show it. Imagery is used in Nicks language to describe Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using diction and imagery in his How to cite Joshua, Papers

The influence of Anne Fisher Essay Example For Students

The influence of Anne Fisher Essay Fishers pedagogical concern clearly represents an advancement in the practicality of grammars, when compared to those of Lowth (1762), Priestley (1761) and Ussher (1785), which did not discuss teaching techniques, as the only important thing was the content, not the form (Rodriguez-Gil, 2006: 20). Despite this, children had a tendency to merely memorise lists of rules and apply them to the examples in isolation, and Mitchell (2001: 104) therefore suggests that exercises such as this did little to enhance writing. The exercises were also criticised by Daniel Fenning (1771: vi), who argues that They are more likely to perplex a young Scholar, and to confirm an old one in error, than to direct the judgment of the one, or correct the bad habit of the other. Instead, in what appears to be an early form of peer editing (Mitchell, 2001: 105), he recommends students writing letters to the schoolmaster or to each other, where they will frequently err against every rule of syntax, as from his experience, a Child will attend more carefully to the correction of an error made by himself, than to the correction of one made by another (vii). We will write a custom essay on The influence of Anne Fisher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nonetheless, Fishers exercises made a significant impact on subsequent grammars, as demonstrated by Murray, who suggested that a proper selection of faulty composition is more instructive to the young grammarian, than any rules and examples of propriety that can be given (1795: iv). The exercises were included in about eighty eighteenth and nineteenth century English grammars (Michael 1987: 325-327) and even in separate textbooks, such as Murrays English Exercises (1797). This was supplemented by Key to the Exercises (1797), which aimed to guide readers through the examples. In the Orthography section, Fisher provides a list of how the letters of the alphabet are pronounced. She distinguishes between vowels and consonants, and more specifically, between long and short vowels, as well as diphthongs. While Fisher introduced various innovations in other sections of her grammar, her treatment of orthography is traditional among English grammarians, according to Michael (1970: 184), who states that Orthography meant the study of letters of the alphabet, which were enumerated, and classified as consonants, vowels and diphthongs The structure of a word was therefore shown by the syllables into which it could be divided. This latter remark is demonstrated by her conception of spelling as the DIVISION of WORDS into SYLLABLES (Fisher, 1753: 29), which is not dissimilar to Douglas (c. 1720) suggestion that To Spell is to Name all the letters of a Word, divide them into distinct Syllables, and then join them together in order to read or Pronounce them aright (cited in Michael, ibid). Thus, Fisher appears to continue this English orthographic tradition with few additions or variations. However, the various similarities between features in this section and Daniel Fishers The Childs Christian Education (1743) leads Rodri guez-Gil (2008) to suspect that Daniel Fisher may have acted as a co-author in A New Grammar. The spelling rules in the two grammars, she suggests, run almost in parallel, even occurring in the same order, although with some more or less trivial changes (159). For example, Daniel Fishers Rule I is If two Vowels come together, not making a Diphthong, they must be divided, as Li-ar, Ru-in (Daniel Fisher, 1759: 101), which is identical to Ann Fishers Rule I, with the minor exception of her replacement of Li-ar with pi-ous (Ann Fisher, 1750: 33). Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 161) admits however, that it was not uncommon for the same or similar rules to appear in contemporary grammars or spelling books and she is therefore unable to provide sufficient textual evidence that Daniel Fisher was the co-author. Despite this, Rodri .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .postImageUrl , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:visited , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:active { border:0!important; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:active , .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0 .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3063a9a4345e1ad0ec44dcbd0c6ed1e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dead Poets Society: The Influence Of Transcendental Thinking Essayguez-Gil presents circumstantial evidence that supports Daniel Fisher being somehow connected with A New Grammar. The second edition (1750) states that it was written by the AUTHOR of THE CHILDS CHRISTIAN EDUCATION, and others, and Daniel Fisher was in fact, the author of this work. Moreover, the third edition (1751) was written by D. FISHER, and others. Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 150) dismisses the suggestion that Ann Fisher used Daniel Fisher as a pseudonym as Daniel Fisher was already a popular contemporary author and the use of his name without his permission would cause legal problems. Furthermore, Isaac Thompson published a number of books by both Ann and Daniel Fisher. Based on this, Rodri guez-Gil suggests that this common acquaintance supports the possibility that Ann Fisher and Daniel Fisher knew each other (153). This indicates that as Ann Fisher was an unfamiliar author when A New Grammar was first published, having not produced anything before this, and due to her disadvantage as a female, it is possible that she presented the book as being co-written with Daniel Fisher in order to increase its chance of success. Consequently, there is convincing evidence that Daniel Fisher contributed, at least in some ways, to A New Grammar, and as Rodri guez-Gil (2008: 175) suggests, he seems to have introduced Ann Fisher into the male-dominated world of scholars, thus acting as her patron. A New Grammar presents a descriptive account of features of the English language, based on Fishers linguistic observations. She is clearly a reformer grammarian, who celebrates the uniqueness of English, embracing its peculiarities and outwardly rejecting the traditional Latin model of English grammar. Her career as a teacher shines through with her emphasis on a practical grammar, which revolutionary takes into consideration pedagogical methods. Although Fisher is often overshadowed in modern linguistic studies by grammarians such as Lowth and Murray, the innovations she brought to the grammatical tradition cannot be overlooked. Bibliography Baugh, A. and Cable, T. (2002), A History of the English Language. London: Routledge. Bodine, A. (1975), Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: singular they, sex-indefinite he, and he or she . Language in Society 4: 129-46. Goldsmith, L. (1979), Ambivalence towards womens education in the eighteenth century: the thoughts of Vicesimus Knox II. Paedagogia-Historica 19: 315-27. Michael, I. (1970), English Grammatical Categories and the Tradition to 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michael, I. (1985), English Grammatical Categories and the Tradition to 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michael, Ian. 1987. The Teaching of English from the Sixteenth Century to 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mitchell, L. (2001), Grammar Wars. Hampshire: Ashgate. Moessner, L. (2000), Grammatical description and language use in the seventeenth century. In Ricardo Bermi dez-Otero et al. (eds. ), Generative Theory and Corpus Studies: A Dialogue from 10 ICEHL. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 395-416. Myer, A. (1997), Myers Literary Guide, the North East. Manchester: Carcanet Press. Percy, Carol. 1994. Paradigms for their Sex? Womens grammar in late eighteenth-century England. Histoire Epistemologie Langage 16:2. 121-141. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2003), Ann Fisher, descriptive or prescriptive grammarian? . Linguistica e Filologia 17: 183-203. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2006), Deconstructing Female Conventions: Ann Fisher (1719-1778). Historiographia Linguistica 33. 1: 11-38. Rodri guez-Gil, M. (2008), Ann Fischers A New Grammar, or was it Daniel Fishers work? In Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed. ), Grammars, Grammarians and Grammar-Writing in Eighteenth-Century England. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 149-77. Rydi n, M. (1984), The study of eighteenth century syntax. In Jacek Fisiak (ed. ), Studies and Monographs 23: Historical Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 509-21. Yi i ez-Bouza, N. (2008), Preposition stranding in the eighteenth century: Something to talk about. In Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed.), Grammars, Grammarians and Grammar-Writing in Eighteenth-Century England. .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .postImageUrl , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:visited , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:active { border:0!important; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:active , .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715 .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua92a548e61f0bbdc40a78cf7a8558715:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis- A Litany In The Time Of Plague EssayBerlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 278-308. Grammars Consulted Anon. (1706), English Scholar Compleat. London: printed by W. O. and sold by Benjamin Bragg. Anon. (1760), The Pleasing Instructor: Or, Entertaining Moralist. Newcastle upon Tyne: printed for Thomas Slack. Bullokar, W. (1586), William Bullokars Pamphlet for Grammar. London: printed by Edmund Bollifant. Fenning, D. (1771). A New Grammar of the English Tongue. London: printed for S. Crowder. Fisher, A. (1750), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne: printed for I. Thompson and Co. by J.Gooding. Fisher, A. (1751), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne. Fisher, A. (175 3), A New Grammar. London. Fisher, A. (1754), A New Grammar. Newcastle upon Tyne: I. Thompson. Fisher, A. (1789), A Practical New Grammar. Newcastle : printed for S. Hodgson, successor to Mr. T. Slack. Fisher, D. (1759), The childs Christian education. London : printed and sold by B. Dod. Greenwood, J. (1711), An essay towards a practical English grammar. London : printed by R. Tookey, and are sold by Samuel Keeble, John Lawrence, Jonah Bowyer, R. and I. Bonwick, and Rob. Halsey. Johnson, S. (1775), A Dictionary of the English Language vol. 1. Dublin : printed for Thomas Ewing, 1775. Lowth, R. (1763), A short introduction to English grammar. Dublin : printed by H. Saunders. Murray, L. (1795), English Grammar. York : printed and sold by Wilson, Spence, and Mawman. Priestley, J. (1761), The rudiments of English grammar. London : printed for R. Griffiths. Websites Oxford English Dictionary Online www. oed. com Accessed on 20th April 2009. van Ostade, I. (2000), Female grammarians of the eighteenth century. Historical Sociolinguistics and Sociohistorical Linguistics website: http://www. let. leidenuniv. nl/hsl_shl/femgram. htm#N_1_

Free Essays on American Economics

Most of the problems of the United states are related to the economy. One of the major issues facing the country today is social security. The United States was one of the last major industrialized nations to establish a social security system. In 1911, Wisconsin passed the first state workers compensation law to be held constitutional. At that time, most Americans believed the government should not have to care for the aged, disabled or needy. But such attitudes changed during the Great Depression in the 1930's. In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act. This law became the basis of the U.S. social insurance system. It provided cash benefits to only retired workers in commerce or industry. In 1939, Congress amended the act to benefit and dependent children of retired workers and widows and children of deceased workers . In 1950, the act began to cover many farm and domestic workers, non professional self employed workers, and many state and municipal employees. Coverage became nearly universal in 1956, when lawyers and other professional workers came under the system. Social security is a government program that helps workers and retired workers and their families achieve a degree of economic security. Social security also called social insurance (Robertson p. 33), provides cash payments to help replace income lost as a result of retirement, unemployment, disability, or death. The program also helps pay the cost of medical care for people age 65 or older and for some disabled workers. About one-sixth of the people in the United States receive social security benefits. People become eligible to receive benefits by working in a certain period in a job covered by social security. Employers and workers finance the program through payroll taxes. Participation in the social security system is required for about 95 percent of all U.S. workers. Social security d... Free Essays on American Economics Free Essays on American Economics Most of the problems of the United states are related to the economy. One of the major issues facing the country today is social security. The United States was one of the last major industrialized nations to establish a social security system. In 1911, Wisconsin passed the first state workers compensation law to be held constitutional. At that time, most Americans believed the government should not have to care for the aged, disabled or needy. But such attitudes changed during the Great Depression in the 1930's. In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act. This law became the basis of the U.S. social insurance system. It provided cash benefits to only retired workers in commerce or industry. In 1939, Congress amended the act to benefit and dependent children of retired workers and widows and children of deceased workers . In 1950, the act began to cover many farm and domestic workers, non professional self employed workers, and many state and municipal employees. Coverage became nearly universal in 1956, when lawyers and other professional workers came under the system. Social security is a government program that helps workers and retired workers and their families achieve a degree of economic security. Social security also called social insurance (Robertson p. 33), provides cash payments to help replace income lost as a result of retirement, unemployment, disability, or death. The program also helps pay the cost of medical care for people age 65 or older and for some disabled workers. About one-sixth of the people in the United States receive social security benefits. People become eligible to receive benefits by working in a certain period in a job covered by social security. Employers and workers finance the program through payroll taxes. Participation in the social security system is required for about 95 percent of all U.S. workers. Social security d...

Holding High Standards... The Power of Disaffirming

Holding High Standards... The Power of Disaffirming If you manage other people and you hold high standards for work product, you probably have encountered a situation or two where you have had to tell someone they did not do a good enough job. How do you feel when you face this type of situation? Do you feel bad about it afterward? Or do you feel empowered and like you made a positive difference in the world? I grew up thinking that if I corrected someone or disaffirmed them, I was being mean and overly critical. I still did it, but I felt self-critical more than anything else and made myself wrong for hurting others. I’ve been spending the better part of the last year becoming more comfortable with my opinions and with expressing them, even if I know someone might feel hurt. As the owner of a company who cares greatly about the quality of the work we put out, I have many opportunities to be honest with people about their writing. â€Å"Behind the scenes† at the Essay Expert, I work with a team of subcontractors and review their work before it goes out to a client. Sometimes the first drafts that come to me do not meet my standards. And The Essay Expert’s clients count on my high standards. Last week, I faced two situations that inspired me to write about the power of disaffirmation in creating results and even cultivating relationships. In one, I received a draft of a LinkedIn summary from one of my writers that I felt didn’t hit the mark. There was time for me to have a quick call with him and steer him in the right direction. I told him what didn’t work about what he wrote and gave him some different ideas of how to approach the project. The second draft was brilliant and here’s what the client, who lives in Switzerland, had to say: â€Å"Thank you so much for sending the draft. I cannot put my first reaction into words (not even in German) in the very best meaning of the word!† If I had been shy about issuing corrections, I would not have had such a happy client. Because I disaffirmed the writer, he learned about how to write for a new type of client and both of us got to feel great about the client’s response. In another situation, an editor took 5 hours to edit a document that would have taken me 3. Not only that, but she sent it to me an hour late and failed to correct some glaring errors in the document. I spent 2 hours editing the document before sending it to the client- 1 hour more than I would have spent if I had edited it myself. Again, my disaffirming power sprang into action. I very directly told her about the problems I saw and what I was prepared to pay her for her work. We ultimately reached an agreement and parted amicably. Sometimes when I work with someone on a project like a law school admissions essay, the applicant tells me not to hold back with my criticism. I laugh when they make this request – I have no problem telling it like I see it! But when it comes to critiquing in a managerial role, I’ve historically had a more difficult time. The greatest part about these two recent experiences to me is that I felt strong and good about myself even though I had criticized people I am managing. I’ve been learning a lot about stepping into a managerial role in a powerful way. Sometimes disaffirmation can hurt both the recipient and me- but what hurts more is compromising on what I know is right, or on the quality of the work my business produces. Ultimately I am somewhat of a mama bear, willing to growl a bit in order to provide a top product to my clients. I will take strong action, give direct feedback, and use the power of disaffirmation if that’s what it takes to run a successful and well-respected business. If you are in a managerial position, how do you express your criticism? How do you handle it when someone fails to come through in the way you expect? Are you willing to talk straight to people? And how do you feel when you don’t? And what’s the bigger goal that inspires you to take the actions you take?

Should Parents Know of Increased Alzheimer's risk Essay

Should Parents Know of Increased Alzheimer's risk - Essay Example The answer is quite clear that awareness is very important about this disease in the present time. Psychotic symptoms such as delusions and aberrations have been observed in large percentage of patients suffering from this disease. In fact, it is the presence of these symptoms which can lead to early regimentation. (Tappen R. M. 1998) â€Å"You know, people get frustrated because their loved ones who have Alzheimer's, oh, he doesn't recognize me anymore, how can I recognize this person, if they don't recognize me? They're not the same person.   Well, they are the same person, but they've got a brain disease. And it's not their fault they've got this disease.† --Ron Reagan In the present age, only a negligible number of ordinary people have proper awareness about the Alzheimer’s disease. In general, the people know merely two things about this disease. Firstly, they know that it is an attenuating disease which is incurable. And secondly they know that memory loss is it s common symptom. That is enough information to produce lot of depression among the aging population but a little more awareness would definitely bring some needed relief. Another misconception among the people is that they think that Alzheimer’s disease can only occur in old age. ... However, children and young adults can also experience this disease as a result of number of rare diseases and conditions. For example, in Batten Disease, unfortunately, Alzheimer’ disease can be observed in many facets, many age ranges and in many different aberrations. The intensity ranges from mild to almost extreme of the worst possible. This disease seems very difficult to treat in the world. (Taylor, Richard 2007) Some of the reasons as to why awareness is important for parents about this disease are related to different aspects of the world. If a parent does not know much about Alzheimer’s disease and has it in his genes then it is possible that his/her child would also suffer from this disorder. The possibility of the disease increases further when both the parents are susceptible to the disease. The parents should be aware about the disease so that they would not opt for a child as it would ruin his whole life. Moreover the child may cause increased medical cos ts if he suffers from Alzheimer’s disease. Awareness of the parents would help them to treat their children or at least get a check up at an early age so that the deteriorative processes do not end up in the last stage. Timely intervention can be counted as one of the most important factors which can help in the treatment of the disease. Awareness of parents can help to increase this timely intervention and can thus enhance the treatment process of the children suffering from the disease. Awareness of the issue can further help in lowering down the incidence of the disease as it is being prevailing in the world. All these points strongly support the point that parents and other

WA3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WA3 - Assignment Example Halmann and Steinberg (1) explain that Earth has blanket like atmospheres that prevent heat from the solar radiation directed from the sun to the earth. The authors point out that the atmosphere maintains the temperature of the earth at 15 degrees Celsius. However, without atmosphere, the temperatures would have been lower, approximately -19 degrees Celsius. This fact can be explained clearly from the lower surface temperatures of the moon. The moon has no atmosphere making it inhabitable, unlike the earth. The earth surface is warm due to blanket like atmosphere; the atmosphere is created by gases in the atmosphere of the earth. The gases are referred to as greenhouse gases because their capability to trap heat. Some of the gases behind the earth’s atmosphere are carbon dioxide and water vapor. Other greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane (Greenhouse Effect). Some of the greenhouse gases mentioned above are carbon dioxide and water vapor. Carbon dioxide CO2 as name suggest has a carbon atom and two-oxygen atoms. Two atoms of oxygen are bonded to CO2. As a molecule, all the three atoms are bonded making it easy to absorb energy from the sun inform of infrared radiation. The infrared radiation is absorbed by the molecule and so the molecule vibrates. Vibrating molecule loses the previously absorbed radiation easily which in turn another molecule absorbs it. This goes in the cycle and in the end the infrared radiation is not lost, therefore, the surface of the earth is kept warm. Nitrous oxide, methane and water vapor does the same as carbon dioxide. Their molecules absorb and lose heat because they are loosely bounded to compound atoms (Greenhouse Effect). Greenhouse gases previously in 19th century were seen as natural functioning gases with positive effects. However, in mid 20th-century people became more concern with greenhouse gases due change of climate and increasing temperatures. Some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide,